A credit transaction as a way of buying and selling goods and services, in which the price is not paid in cash,contains several risks for the seller. The risks of non-payment and bankruptcy of the buyer are the most important ones that could endanger the liquidity cycle and even life of the seller. The weight of the risk depends on the amount of capital and deals of companies. So, SMEs may harm more. Credit insurance is a common way of credit risk management which does not commonly used by the SMEs, notwithstanding their fragility and requirement. In this article the ability and efficiency of credit insurance for management of credit risks of this enterprises is examined. The authors consider that credit insurance could be one of the best methods of management of the risk for SMEs.

Rural and nature tourism has experienced high growth over the past 20 years. One of the primary challenges facing rural tourism management is to establish a profitable and environmentally sustainable industry. Moreover, sustainable tourism is a complex concept and it requires that nature and tourism activity should be studied from an integrated point of view. In this paper, we analyze how the environmental perceptions of entrepreneurs are included into business management. Through a partial least squares (PLS) model, we estimate several latent factors related to various aspects of business management and, in a second phase, we use the FIMIX-PLS algorithm to achieving a segmentation of entrepreneurs according to the structure of relationships obtained, which may allow identification of which factors are more related to an “ecopreneurial management”.

User Relationships Management (URM) is a management approach to maintaining successful relationships with customers and users over time in order to keep the user profitable. The aim of this study is to design a profitability model for the end user from the perspective of technology entrepreneurs in the software industry of Iran with a mixed method. The statistical population includes all technology entrepreneurs those who work as analysts and programmers, system support, professional users, managers and marketers in the software industry. Using the Cochran's formula, 132 people were selected as statistical samples. To collect the data, a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 51 items was used, the formal and content validity of which was confirmed by 30 experts and its reliability in a preliminary test with 30 subjects for all variables studied above 0. 7. It came to an acceptable level. To analyze the data, descriptive statistical methods with SPSS software and inferential statistics were used to model structural equations in Smart PLS software. The findings showed that sales promotion factors on social value, product social value on product emotional value, product performance value on product economic value, product economic value on user satisfaction factors, product emotional value on user satisfaction factors, user satisfaction factors on loyalty and loyalty The user affects the user's profitability. But the product social value does not affect the product economic value.

purpose of this study is design, entrepreneurship development model for Small and medium organizations in technical and professional organizations using a three dimensional model (Breeding Characteristics, Stimulates Motivation and Entrepreneurship Skills and Knowledge Sample included 260 Small and medium Size subsidiary companies of technical and professional Organization in Mazandaran Province. Required data gathered by using a questionnair with standard components and the reliability coefficient of 91%. Results based on Wilcoxon test using Spss software showed that technical and professional training in Small and medium organizations entrepreneurship development have been effective. Factor analysis test presented the variables in the form of seven factors, and ultimately the structural equation modeling examine the model in the form of direct and indirect impact and the model confirmed in genrral. At the end of study, also presented detailed results and findings, conclusion of these cases are discussed and compared, and practical suggestions and recommendations related to follow-up continued similar research in the future, has been presented.

This study examines the effects of organizational culture (OC) on corporate entrepreneurship (CE) among Small and medium enterprises (SMEs). First, some models were developed to measure organizational culture and corporate entrepreneurial activities. These models measure the key factors of OC that influence personnel to initiate CE and different entrepreneurial activities that SMEs applied for success. For this purpose, the stratified data sampling method was used and samples were selected from middle managers of SMEs in Yazd Province. Based on factors loading scores and components loading distribution, latent factors were extracted and named. The study concluded the existence of twelve different factors for OC and four factors for CE. These results were confirmed by other relevant studies. Validity of conceptual models derived in respect of OC and CE was assessed through path analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicated the causality between indicators and latent factors. Then, a structural model was developed based on the relationship between latent factors of OC and corporate entrepreneurship. Result confirms the effects of all cultural factors except for strategic motives on SME’s innovational actions. Coordination factor has negative effect and tendency to change has the most effect on innovation and organizational self renewal. Developing the culture to be open to changes is the best solution in order to succeed in the Small and medium enterprises. The climate of harmony has more effect on Risky investments in business.